Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye signed a joint defence agreement in Makkah on Friday under which an armed attack on any one of the three countries will be treated as an attack on all three, according to Pakistan’s Foreign Office.
The Makkah Joint Defence Agreement was signed by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman, and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan following the Makkah Al-Mukarramah Summit for Joint Defence at Al-Safa Palace.
The agreement is intended to strengthen “collective deterrence against any act of aggression” and provides for expanded defence cooperation across the three countries, the Foreign Office said.
Under the pact, an attack against one member would trigger a collective response framework by defining such an assault as an attack against all three states.
The agreement also commits the countries to strengthening their cooperation in defence matters, though the statement did not provide further details on specific military obligations.
The Foreign Office said the pact was based on the countries’ longstanding ties, shared strategic interests and existing defence cooperation.
It described the agreement as reflecting their commitment to collective security and to promoting regional and international peace and stability.
The agreement brings together Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye, three countries with established military and strategic relationships.
Pakistan and Saudi Arabia had already signed a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement in Riyadh in September 2025, under which an attack on either country was to be considered an act of aggression against both.
The latest pact was signed during a three-country summit in Makkah attended by the leaders of Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye. Erdogan travelled to Makkah on Friday for the meeting during a one-day visit to Saudi Arabia, while Shehbaz arrived on Thursday for a three-day visit.
