Pakistan’s merchandise exports continue to decline for the ninth consecutive month, plunging by 16.69 per cent year-on-year to $2.18 billion in May, according to data released by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
The downward trend has persisted throughout the first 11 months (July to May) of the 2022-23 fiscal year, with exports experiencing a dip of 12.14 per cent to $25.36 billion compared to $28.87 billion during the same period the previous year.
The decline in export proceeds can be attributed to a combination of internal and external factors, raising concerns about the potential closure of industrial units, particularly within the textile and clothing sector.
In line with this, imports also experienced a significant decrease of 36.76 per cent to $4.27 billion in May compared to $6.76 billion in the corresponding month last year. From July to May, imports fell by 29.22 per cent to $51.15 billion, down from $72.28 billion during the same period last year.
The government has implemented restrictions on luxury and non-essential goods while promoting imports of raw materials, semi-finished products, pharmaceuticals, food, and energy products. This policy shift has resulted in a substantial decline in the import bill over the past 11 months.
As a result of these developments, the trade deficit has narrowed by over 40 per cent, reaching $25.79 billion between July and May of the fiscal year 2022-23, compared to $43.40 billion during the corresponding months of the previous year. In May, the trade deficit saw a year-on-year decline of 49.49 per cent to $2.08 billion.
According to Dawn, the textile and clothing sector, which constitutes over 60 per cent of total exports, has been severely affected, making it challenging for the government to achieve its export target for the current fiscal year. Exporters have pointed out that the federal government lacks a clear strategy and effective prioritization, leading to a decline in textile exports.
Exporters have also highlighted several root causes contributing to the export decline. These include shortages in working capital and liquidity, delayed refunds of taxes and levies, technology upgradation fund, and duty drawbacks.
The promised faster refund system has not functioned as intended, resulting in refund processing times of 3-5 months instead of the expected 72 hours. The sector is also grappling with increased financial and energy costs.
In addition, exporters are facing challenges in procuring raw materials and other inputs, both domestically and through imports. The State Bank of Pakistan’s hurdles in opening letters of credit have further contributed to the decline in exports.
The negative growth in exports, except for a slight increase in August due to backlog clearance, poses a significant concern as it threatens the balance of the country’s external account.
The government needs to address these issues promptly and formulate effective policies to revive the export sector and stimulate economic growth.